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IGNOU MZO-07 (January 2026 – December 2026) Assignment Questions
1. Define trophic levels and compare upright/inverted pyramids of numbers, biomass, and energy with ecosystem examples.
2. Describe the nitrogen cycle in detail, outlining its main reservoirs, key processes (nitrogen fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification), and the impact of human activities on its natural balance.
3. Discuss mortality, life tables, age structure, sex ratio, and exponential/logistic population growth concepts, highlighting ecological significance with examples.
4. Explain density-dependent vs. density-independent factors regulating population growth, their biotic/abiotic types with examples, and their interactions influencing population dynamics.
5. Discuss the role of genetic diversity in species survival/adaptation and evaluate why conserving few populations fails to preserve overall genetic diversity.
6. Discuss the different approaches to biodiversity conservation with suitable examples. Critically evaluate their advantages and limitations.
7. Explain the concepts of dose, threshold dose, and LD₅₀ in toxicology. Differentiate between acute and chronic effects of toxicants with appropriate examples.
8. Discuss pesticide waste management methods, explaining roles, advantages, and risks of containment, incineration, and stabilisation techniques.
9. Describe how industrial and sewage wastewater harms the environment and human health, including the types of wastes, their hazards, and effects on soil, water, and ecosystems.
10. Describe the following:
a) Aquatic biomes
b) Survivorship
c) Shannon-Wiener index
d) Bioindicators
